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Chapter
13, entitled Adjustment of Debts of an Individual With Regular Income, is designed
for an individual debtor who has a regular source of income. Chapter 13 is often preferable to chapter 7 because it enables
the debtor to keep a valuable asset, such as a house, and because it allows the debtor to propose a "plan" to repay
creditors over time – usually three to five years. Chapter 13 is also used by consumer debtors who do not qualify for
chapter 7 relief under the means test. At a confirmation hearing, the court either approves or disapproves the debtor's
repayment plan, depending on whether it meets the Bankruptcy Code's requirements for confirmation. Chapter 13 is very
different from chapter 7 since the chapter 13 debtor usually remains in possession of the property of the estate and makes
payments to creditors, through the trustee, based on the debtor's anticipated income over the life of the plan. Unlike
chapter 7, the debtor does not receive an immediate discharge of debts. The debtor must complete the payments required under
the plan before the discharge is received. The debtor is protected from lawsuits, garnishments, and other creditor actions
while the plan is in effect. The discharge is also somewhat broader (i.e., more debts are eliminated) under chapter 13 than
the discharge under chapter 7.
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